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In chemistry, a delta bond ( δ bond) is a Covalent bond chemical bond, in which four lobes of an atomic orbital on one atom orbital overlap four lobes of an atomic orbital on another atom. This overlap leads to the formation of a bonding molecular orbital with two nodal planes which contain the internuclear axis and go through both atoms. (1988). 9780471849971, John Wiley. ISBN 9780471849971 (1998). 9780138418915, Prentice-Hall. ISBN 9780138418915
The Greek letter δ in their name refers to , since the orbital symmetry of the δ bond is the same as that of the usual (4-lobed) type of d orbital when seen down the bond axis. This type of bonding is observed in atoms that have occupied d orbitals with low enough energy to participate in covalent bonding, for example, in organometallic species of . Some rhenium, molybdenum, technetium, and chromium compounds contain a quadruple bond, consisting of one sigma bond, two pi bond and one δ bond.
The orbital symmetry of the δ bonding orbital is different from that of a Pi bond antibonding, which has one nodal plane containing the internuclear axis and a second nodal plane perpendicular to this axis between the atoms.
The δ notation was introduced by Robert Mulliken in 1931. The first compound identified as having a δ bond was potassium octachlorodirhenate(III). In 1965, F. A. Cotton reported that there was δ-bonding as part of the rhenium–rhenium quadruple bond in the Re2Cl82− ion. Another example of a δ bond is proposed in cyclobutadieneiron tricarbonyl between an iron d orbital and the four p orbitals of the attached cyclobutadiene molecule.
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